FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF LEPTOSPIRA SEROVARS GLOBALLY AND IN INDIA: A REVIEW
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Keywords
Leptospirosis, Leptospira serovars, epidemiology, serogroups, India, zoonoses
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. The variability in circulating serogroups/serovars influences disease epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention strategies. Worldwide, more than 300 serovars have been identified, with ongoing discoveries due to advances in genomic sequencing and environmental surveillance. This review highlights major pathogenic serovars affecting human and animal health across the globe, and compares them with regional serovar prevalence patterns in India. The review further emphasizes the impact of environmental factors, reservoirs, and human–animal interactions on transmission. Strengthening serovar-specific surveillance and incorporating locally dominant serogroups in diagnostic assays are vital to reduce the burden of leptospirosis.
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Jyoti Kumari
Research Scholar ¹ Department of Microbiology, Index Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Indore, India
Dr. Ramanath K
Professor, ² Department of Microbiology, Index Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Indore, India
