PREVALENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES RISK FACTORS AND THEIR CORRELATIONS WITH ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS IN YOUNG ADULTS OF PAKISTAN
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Keywords
Cardiovascular diseases, Pakistani young adults, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular risk factors, BMI, WHtR
Abstract
Background: Globally, Cardiovascular diseases are the major health problems. Around 17 million people die due to cardiac diseases annually. In Pakistan, the major public health problem of concern is cardiovascular diseases. The major cardiovascular diseases risk factors are gender, obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. However, the association of anthropometric indices with CVD risks factors has been an understudied subject in this part of the world.. This study was set up to find out the cardiovascular diseases risk factor associated with anthropometric indicators among the Hyderabad population.
Materials & Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on approximately 150 participants who were living in Hyderabad areas, Pakistan. The age group range was from 18-25 years. 10 ml of blood was collected from the participants who had fasting for atleast 8 -10 hours in EDTA vacutainers from antecubital vein using aseptic technique. Diastolic blood pressue (DBP) and Systolic blood Pressure (SBP) was taken using sphygmomanometer. For the assessment of Cholestrol and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), a biochemical analysis was conducted by standard kit method. Anthropometry measurements were taken by trained person. Height was measured with a wall mounted stadiometer. Body weight was measured by using digital scale. BMI was measured from height in meters and weight in Kg. Waist hip ratio (WHR), Waist Circumference (WC), and Waist Height Ratio (WHtR) were measured by placing a non – stretchable measuring tape. Before data collection consent was obtained. For statistical analysis, SPSS version 28 was used.
Results: Total 150 participants having the age range from 18 – 25 were selected from both genders. Out of 150, 76 (50.67) were males and 74 (49.33) were females. Male participants had a significantly mean values (p < 0.05) which were higher for Waist Hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and Waist Height ratio (WHtR). No significant difference was observed for BMI amomg male and female participants (p >0.05). Male had significantly higher mean value for FBS, SBP and DBP (p <0.05). However, no significant difference was observed (p > 0.05) regarding mean cholesterol concentration among males and females. Weight Height Ratio (WHtR) had very strong correlation with BMI. All among studies anthropometric parameter BMI showed a strong and significant correlation (p < 0.001) with FBS, SBP DBP and cholesterol followed by WHtR, Waist circumference and WHR both in male and female participants.
Conclusion: In conclusion, males were at more risk of CVD risk factor than females. WHtR could be used as alternative of BMI and we used for the assessment of CVD risk factors.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Nida
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Physiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
Aftab Ahmed Khand
Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
Zulfiqar Ali Laghari
Professor and Chairman, Department of Physiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
