A PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE CLINICO-RADIOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES, SURGICAL OUTCOMES AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH SUPRATENTORIAL GLIOMAS

Abstract

Background: Supratentorial gliomas are a major form of primary brain tumor, which are located in the cerebral hemispheres, and cause a substantial proportion of central nervous system malignancies in adults. All these tumours are developed by glial cells, mainly, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and they have varied histopathological characteristics which determine the clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis. Diagnosis and grading require radiological imaging, especially MRI and histopathological analysis. Surgical intervention, coupled with other prognostic variables, has a huge influence on patient outcome.

Methods: The study took place at the Department of Neurosurgery, J.A. Group of Hospitals and G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, India, between 2023 and 2025 as a prospective observational study. One hundred and ten patients aged 14 years and above who had supratentorial gliomas were involved. Data regarding clinical, radiological, surgical and histopathological were gathered. The analysis of postoperative outcomes and complications was performed, as well as the prognostic factors and the statistical analysis including chi-square and logistic regression were used to discuss the relationship between variables.

Results: It was found that the highest incidence of glioma was highest in patients aged 41-60 years and male patients made up 60 per cent of the cohort. The presenting symptoms were seizures (68.2%), and headache (50.9%). The most common histopathological observation (40.91%), and Grade II astrocytomas (27.27) were the most common. A gross total resection was obtained in 61.8% and the rate of postoperative complication 30 with a mortality rate of 3.6. Advanced age (>50 years), low preoperative Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS < 70), high-grade gliomas (WHO Grade III-IV), and postoperative complications were significant prognostic factors that were associated with poor outcomes.

Conclusion: The study shows that supratentorial gliomas occur more often in middle-aged men and the most frequent symptom is the seizures. The outcomes are strongly dependent on tumor grade and preoperative functional status. Gross total resection is an important variable to enhance prognosis. The results report that early diagnosis, aggressive surgical treatment, and a meticulous approach to prognostic variables in the course of treatment are critical issues.