PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Main Article Content
Keywords
MRSA, MSSA, Prevalence, India, Antimicrobial resistance, Cefoxitin, Oxacillin, Tertiary care
Abstract
Background: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major health challenge due to rapidly evolving antimicrobial resistance.
Aim and Objective: This study examined the prevalence, demographic distribution, clinical sample types, and antibiotic resistance profiles of MRSA among 500 clinical isolates in North India.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over six months in a tertiary care setting in the Department of Microbiology. All Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a variety of clinical specimens were tested via standard biochemical and disc diffusion techniques. Inclusion criteria comprised all S. aureus isolates; exclusion criteria included any specimen yielding bacteria other than S. aureus. Results were analyzed using SPSS-23.0.
Results: The MRSA prevalence was 29.6% (148/500). MRSA was more common in males and in the productive age group (20–50 years). Most MRSA isolates were from pus, followed by urine and blood. High resistance rates were observed to erythromycin and clotrimazole, with linezolid and teicoplanin remaining most effective.
Conclusion: Regular monitoring and tailored antibiotic policies are vital. The MRSA burden remains high, and strict infection control with routine surveillance is indispensable.
References
2. Dilnessa T, Bitew A. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:398.
3. Harkins CP et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus emerged long before the introduction of methicillin. Genome Biol. 2017;18:130.
4. Elmer K, Washington W, Stephens A, Gary P, eds. Color Atlas Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 6th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2006.
5. Rayner C, Munckhof WJ. Antibiotics currently used in the treatment of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Intern Med J. 2005;35:3–16.
6. Rahima T et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Chem Pharm Res. 2015;7:780–6.
7. Jayshree VK et al. Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Progress Res. 2016;11(Spl VIII):549–58.
8. Susan LK. Concepts in Antimicrobial Therapy. TB of Diagnostic Microbiology. 3rd ed. WB Saunders; 2007.
9. Wielders CL et al. mecA gene is widely disseminated. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:3970–5.
10. Paterson GK et al. The newly described mecA homologue, mecALGA251. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67:2809–13.
11. Porrero MC et al. Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus by wild animals in Spain. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80:4865–70.
12. Harrison EM et al. Staphylococcus xylosus isolate with new mecC allotype. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57:1524–8.
13. Verma S et al. Growing problems of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. Indian J Med Sci. 2000;54:535–40.
14. Bratzler DW, Hunt DR. The surgical infection prevention and improvement projects. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:322–30.
15. Leung ECM et al. Admission screening of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ISRN Microbiol. 2013;2013:40294.
16. Lim D, Strynadka NCJ. Structural basis for the β-lactam resistance of PBP2a. Nat Struct Biol. 2002;9:870.
17. Mir BA, Srikanth. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA in tertiary hospital. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2013;6:231–4.
18. Alzoubi KH et al. Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Jordan. Jordan J Pharm Sci. 2010;3:137–43.
19. Rajaduraipandi K et al. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of MRSA. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2016;24:134–8.
20. Shah S et al. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-positive pathogens in Mumbai. J Lab Physicians. 2021;2:11-5.
21. Lohan K et al. Prevalence of MRSA from a rural North India medical college. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021;10:2752–7.
22. Nazar A et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of MRSA at tertiary care hospital, North India. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2019;8:92–8.
23. Kumar R, et al. Antibiotic resistance patterns in MRSA: A tertiary care review. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2021.
24. Sharma M, et al. Efficacy of linezolid and vancomycin in staphylococcal infections. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020.
25. Bhatta DR, et al. Macrolide-resistant MRSA in skin infections. BMC Infect Dis. 2021.
26. Patel H, et al. Susceptibility of MSSA to beta-lactam antibiotics in India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2019.
27. Gupta S, Sinha S. Antimicrobial trends in S. aureus isolates. J Lab Physicians. 2022.
28. Nair R, et al. Age and sex distribution of MRSA: A cross-sectional study. Int J Med Public Health. 2018.
29. Mehta A, et al. Sample-wise distribution of MRSA. Indian J Med Res. 2015.
30. Sengupta S, et al. MRSA in clinical isolates: Distribution by site. J Infect Public Health. 2017.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Raees Ahmed
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sudha Medical College and Hospital, Jagpura, Kota, Raj, India.
Dr. Lalita Agarwal
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, NCRIMS, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Pratibha Srivastava
Research Scholar, Department of Zoology, CSJM University, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dr. Nashra Afaq
Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dr. Shaheen Bhat
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, SMS&R, Sharda University, India
Dr. Ayesha Nazar
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, SMS& R, Sharda University, India.
Dr. Vijay Prakash Singh
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Autonomous State Medical College, Gonda, India
Dr Mukesh Kumar Patwa
Senior Resident, Department of microbiology, Autonomous state medical college, Gonda, India.
Dr. Amrita Shukla
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Raipur, India.
