CORRELATION AMONG LIVER FUNCTION, INSULIN RESISTANCE, LIPID PROFILE, AND GLYCEMIC MARKERS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic dysfunction. Understanding the interrelationship between these metabolic parameters can improve clinical management and risk assessment.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation among glycemic markers, insulin resistance, lipid profile, and liver function in patients with T2DM.

Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on 200 T2DM patients and 200 age- and gender-matched healthy controls at Krishna Mohan Medical College & Hospital, Mathura, from March 2024 to February 2025. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, and liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) were measured. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v25.0, with independent sample t-tests and Pearson correlation; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: T2DM patients exhibited significantly elevated fasting glucose (156.8 ± 42.5 mg/dL), HbA1c (8.4±1.5%), HOMA-IR (4.8±1.9), total cholesterol (211.3±38.4 mg/dL), triglycerides (189.7±56.1 mg/dL), LDL-C (126.5±32.9 mg/dL), and liver enzymes (ALT 49.8±15.6 U/L, AST 45.2±14.2 U/L, ALP 122.6±31.8 U/L) compared to controls (all p < 0.05). HDL-C was significantly lower (38.9±8.2 mg/dL vs. 48.6±7.3 mg/dL, p < 0.001). HbA1c showed strong positive correlations with fasting glucose (r = 0.812) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.758), moderate positive correlations with total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and weak positive correlations with liver enzymes. HDL-C correlated negatively with HbA1c.

Conclusion: T2DM patients demonstrate poor glycemic control, pronounced insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and mild hepatic dysfunction. The observed correlations emphasize the interconnected nature of glucose metabolism, lipid abnormalities, and liver function, underscoring the importance of comprehensive metabolic monitoring in T2DM management.