CONTACT LENS WEAR COMPLICATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTION

Abstract

Contact lenses (CLs) are widely used for both therapeutic and refractive correction purposes. Despite their benefits, improper use can lead to complications ranging from mild discomfort to severe ocular infections.

Methodology:
A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible articles included observational studies, reviews, and clinical trials discussing complications of contact lens wear. Data were extracted on the types of complications, their prevalence, associated risk factors, and preventive strategies. PRISMA guidelines were followed during screening and selection.

Results:
Out of 320 identified articles, 35 met the inclusion criteria. The most common complications reported were microbial keratitis, dry eye, corneal abrasions, giant papillary conjunctivitis, and corneal neovascularization. Key risk factors included poor hygiene, overnight or extended wear, low oxygen-permeable lenses, and water exposure. Studies consistently highlighted that patient noncompliance was a major contributor to adverse outcomes. Preventive measures such as proper hygiene education, appropriate lens selection, and regular follow-up significantly reduced complication rates.

Conclusion:
While contact lens wear is generally safe, adherence to preventive guidelines is crucial to minimize risks. Patient education, regular monitoring, and advancements in lens materials such as antimicrobial coatings and daily disposable lenses can further enhance safety. Continued research should focus on improving compliance strategies and developing smarter lens technologies for long-term ocular health.