EXPLORING THE ETIOLOGY OF EPILEPSY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AYURVEDA AND CONTEMPORARY STANDPOINTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Apasmara, Ayurveda, Dosha, Epilepsy, Etiology.
Abstract
Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, presents a complex challenge in both diagnosis and treatment. This article explores the causes of epilepsy from the perspectives of Ayurveda, a traditional Indian system of medicine, and contemporary medical science. Ayurveda describes epilepsy, known as Apasmara, as a condition arising from imbalances in the body's fundamental energies (Doshas – Vata, Pitta, Kapha) and mental states (Rajas and Tamas). Factors such as improper diet, lifestyle choices, repressed emotions, and sensory overload triggers the imbalance of Dosha. Apasmara have four types based on the predominant Dosha involved, each with distinct clinical manifestations. Modern medicine focuses on identifying specific etiologies for epilepsy, categorized as structural, genetic, infectious, metabolic, immunity, and unknown. Structural causes involve brain lesions or abnormalities, genetic causes includes inherited genes. Infectious etiologies encompass bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections affecting the brain. Metabolic causes involve different encephalopathies. Immune-mediated epilepsy arises from autoimmune diseases affecting the brain. Despite advancements in understanding these causes, a significant proportion of epilepsy cases remain classified as having unknown etiology. Modern medicine emphasizes biological and neurological mechanisms; Ayurveda highlights the interconnectedness of mind and body, suggesting that emotional disturbances and lifestyle factors can significantly contribute to the development of epilepsy. Both perspectives acknowledge the role of stress and sensory overload in triggering seizures. However, Ayurveda's approach is more individualized and holistic, considering the patient's overall constitution and lifestyle. This comparative analysis reveals the strengths and limitations of both perspectives. Modern medicine offers a precise, disease-oriented approach; Ayurveda provides a broader, individualized perspective with emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being. Integrating these viewpoints could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of epilepsy and potentially offer patients a wider range of therapeutic options. Further research, particularly clinical trials evaluating Ayurvedic treatments, is need to explore the potential benefits of this integrative approach.
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28. Michael BD, Solomon T. Seizures and encephalitis: Clinical features, management, and potential pathophysiologic mechanisms. Epilepsia 2012; 53(s4): 63-71.
29. Preux P-M, Druet-Cabanac M. Epidemiology and aetiology of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Neurol 2005; 4(1): 21-31.
30. Carpio A, Chang M, Zhang H, Romo ML, Jaramillo A, Hauser WA, et al. Exploring the complex associations over time among albendazole treatment, cyst evolution, and seizure outcomes in neurocysticercosis. Epilepsia 2019; 60(9): 1820-8.
31. Angel MJ, Young GB. Metabolic encephalopathies. Neurol Clin 2011; 29(4): 837-82.
32. Sander JW, Hart YM, Johnson AL, Shorvon SD. National General Practice Study of Epilepsy: newly diagnosed epileptic seizures in a general population. Lancet 1990; 336(8726): 1267-71.
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34. Wolf NI, Bast T, and Surtees R. Epilepsy in inborn errors of metabolism. Epileptic Disord 2005; 7(2): 67-81.
35. Vezzani A, Friedman A. Brain inflammation as a biomarker in epilepsy. Biomark Med 2011; 5(5): 607-14.
36. Devinsky O, Schein A, Najjar S. Epilepsy associated with systemic autoimmune disorders. Epilepsy Curr 2013; 13(2): 62-8.
37. Geis C, Planagumà J, Carreño M, Graus F, Dalmau J. Autoimmune seizures and epilepsy. J Clin Invest 2019; 129(3): 926-40.
38. Simona Balestrini, Alexis Arzimanoglou, Ingmar Blümcke, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Samuel Wiebe, Johan Zelano, Matthew C. Walker. The aetiologies of epilepsy. Epileptic Disorders. 2021; 23(1):1-16. doi:10.1684/epd.2021.1255.
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40. Singh RH. Charak Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana 10/3. Delhi, India: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashana; 2006. p. 474.
41. Shripathi H. Adiga, Ramya S. Adiga, Kumar M.R. Bhat, Dinesh Upadhya, Ayurveda therapy in the management of epilepsy, Epilepsy & Behavior, Volume 159,2024, 110026, ISSN 1525-5050, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.110026. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525505024004086)
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Nov 05, 2025
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Dr. Priyal Patel, Dr. Swapnil Raskar, Dr. Siddhi Patil, & Dr. Mayank Maniar. (2025). EXPLORING THE ETIOLOGY OF EPILEPSY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AYURVEDA AND CONTEMPORARY STANDPOINTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(10), 65-77. https://doi.org/10.53555/9cf2be03
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Author Biographies
Dr. Priyal Patel
PG Scholar Department of Kaumarbhritya Parul Institute of Ayurved Parul University Limda Vadodara Gujarat
Dr. Swapnil Raskar
Professor and Head Department of Kaumarbhritya Parul Institute of Ayurved Parul University Limda Vadodara
Dr. Siddhi Patil
PG Scholar Department of Kaumarbhritya Parul Institute of Ayurved Parul University Limda Vadodara Gujarat
Dr. Mayank Maniar
Professor and Head Department of Kaumarbhritya Governement Akhandananda Ayurveda College Ahmedabad
How to Cite
Dr. Priyal Patel, Dr. Swapnil Raskar, Dr. Siddhi Patil, & Dr. Mayank Maniar. (2025). EXPLORING THE ETIOLOGY OF EPILEPSY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AYURVEDA AND CONTEMPORARY STANDPOINTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(10), 65-77. https://doi.org/10.53555/9cf2be03