AN OCULAR PERCEPTIVE OF THYROID DISORDERS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS- A CLINICAL PROSPECTIVE STUDY.
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Keywords
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Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) also called Graves Orbitopathy, is an autoimmune complex orbital inflammatory disease, which can be sight-threatening, debilitating, and disfiguring. Thyroid disorders, particularly those involving autoimmune etiology such as Graves' disease, represent a significant public health concern due to their multifactorial impact on patient well-being, particularly through ocular manifestations that can lead to substantial morbidity.
References
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2. Lee TC, Radha-Saseendrakumar B, Delavar A, Ye GY, Ting MA, Topilow NJ, et al. Evaluation of Depression and Anxiety in a Diverse Population With Thyroid Eye Disease Using the Nationwide NIH All of Us Database. Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 2023 Jun;39(3):281.
3. Baquero SA, Hill DM. Quality of Life in Patients With Low and Very Low Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Who Underwent Thyroidectomy in Quito-Ecuador 2020. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2021 May 1;5(Supplement_1):A869.
4. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gazdanova AA, Knyazeva SA, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Marakhovskaya AA, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, et al. Ophthalmic manifestations of endocrine diseases. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(9):586–91.
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10. Agnihotri P, Choudhary P, Chandravanshi SCL. Clinical Study of Ocular Manifestations of Thyroid Disease in Tertiary Eye Care Center. 2019;7(4).
11. Nowak M, Marek B, Kos-Kudła B, Siemińska L, Londzin-Olesik M, Głogowska-Szeląg J, et al. Optimization of the treatment of moderate to severe and active thyroid orbitopathy considering the recommendations of the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) [Optymalizacja leczenia umiarkowanej do ciężkiej i aktywnej orbitopatii tarczycowej z uwzględnieniem zaleceń European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO)]. Endokrynol Pol. 2022;73(4):756–77.
12. Smith TJ, Hegedüs L, Lesser I, Perros P, Dorris K, Kinrade M, et al. How patients experience thyroid eye disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1283374.
13. Burch HB, Perros P, Bednarczuk T, Cooper DS, Dolman PJ, Leung AM, et al. Management of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2022 Dec;32(12):1439–70.
14. Rana HS, Akella SS, Clabeaux CE, Skurski ZP, Aakalu VK. Ocular surface disease in thyroid eye disease: A narrative review. Ocul Surf. 2022 Apr;24:67–73.
15. Prevalence and clinical profile of thyroid eye disease among patients with thyroid dysfunction visiting a tertiary care teaching hospital: Thyroid eye disease in thyroid dysfunction | Journal of Chitwan Medical College [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jun 26]. Available from: https://jcmc.com.np/jcmc/index.php/jcmc/article/view/1542
16. Bartalena L, Kahaly GJ, Baldeschi L, Dayan CM, Eckstein A, Marcocci C, et al. The 2021 European Group on Graves’ orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves’ orbitopathy. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021 Aug 27;185(4):G43–67.
17. Shabto JM, Stevens S, Kazim M. Thyroid eye disease and ocular myasthenia gravis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2025 Feb 1;38(1):71–8.
18. Wiersinga W, Žarković M, Bartalena L, Donati S, Perros P, Okosieme O, et al. Predictive score for the development or progression of Graves’ orbitopathy in patients with newly diagnosed Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018 Jun;178(6):635–43.
19. Dosiou C, Kossler AL. Thyroid Eye Disease: Navigating the New Treatment Landscape. J Endocr Soc. 2021 May 1;5(5):bvab034.
20. Maheshwari R, Weis E. Thyroid associated orbitopathy. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2012 Apr;60(2):87.
21. Bahn RS. Graves’ Ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med. 2010 Feb 25;362(8):726–38.
22. Marcocci C, Kahaly GJ, Krassas GE, Bartalena L, Prummel M, Stahl M, et al. Selenium and the course of mild Graves’ orbitopathy. N Engl J Med. 2011 May 19;364(20):1920–31.
23. Wu T, Tang DR, Wang F, Xia S, Sun FY. [The value of DCE-MRI in assessing the course of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2017 Jun 11;53(6):430–5.
2. Lee TC, Radha-Saseendrakumar B, Delavar A, Ye GY, Ting MA, Topilow NJ, et al. Evaluation of Depression and Anxiety in a Diverse Population With Thyroid Eye Disease Using the Nationwide NIH All of Us Database. Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 2023 Jun;39(3):281.
3. Baquero SA, Hill DM. Quality of Life in Patients With Low and Very Low Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Who Underwent Thyroidectomy in Quito-Ecuador 2020. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2021 May 1;5(Supplement_1):A869.
4. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gazdanova AA, Knyazeva SA, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Marakhovskaya AA, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, et al. Ophthalmic manifestations of endocrine diseases. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(9):586–91.
5. Nowroozzadeh MH, Thornton ,Sarah, Watson ,Alison, Syed ,Zeba A, and Razeghinejad R. Ocular manifestations of endocrine disorders. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 2022 Feb 17;105(2):105–16.
6. Mounirou BAM, Adam ND, Yakoura AKH, Aminou MSM, Liu YT, Tan LY. Diabetic Retinopathy: An Overview of Treatments. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2022;26(2):111–8.
7. Patel VK, Padnick-Silver L, D’Souza S, Bhattacharya RK, Francis-Sedlak M, Holt RJ. Characteristics of Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients With Thyroid Eye Disease in the United States: A Claims-Based Analysis. Endocr Pract. 2022 Feb;28(2):159–64.
8. Severe Ophthalmological Complications of Thyroid Disease are Rare in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria: Results of a Pilot Study - Olufunmilola A. Ogun, Jokotade O. Adeleye, 2016 [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jun 24]. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.4137/OED.S32169
9. Jankauskiene J, Jarusaitiene D. Clinical Ocular Features in Children and Young Adults with Thyroid Diseases. Thyroid Disorders Ther [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 Jun 26];06(03). Available from: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/clinical-ocular-features-in-children-and-young-adults-with-thyroiddiseases-2167-7948-1000221.php?aid=93178
10. Agnihotri P, Choudhary P, Chandravanshi SCL. Clinical Study of Ocular Manifestations of Thyroid Disease in Tertiary Eye Care Center. 2019;7(4).
11. Nowak M, Marek B, Kos-Kudła B, Siemińska L, Londzin-Olesik M, Głogowska-Szeląg J, et al. Optimization of the treatment of moderate to severe and active thyroid orbitopathy considering the recommendations of the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) [Optymalizacja leczenia umiarkowanej do ciężkiej i aktywnej orbitopatii tarczycowej z uwzględnieniem zaleceń European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO)]. Endokrynol Pol. 2022;73(4):756–77.
12. Smith TJ, Hegedüs L, Lesser I, Perros P, Dorris K, Kinrade M, et al. How patients experience thyroid eye disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1283374.
13. Burch HB, Perros P, Bednarczuk T, Cooper DS, Dolman PJ, Leung AM, et al. Management of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2022 Dec;32(12):1439–70.
14. Rana HS, Akella SS, Clabeaux CE, Skurski ZP, Aakalu VK. Ocular surface disease in thyroid eye disease: A narrative review. Ocul Surf. 2022 Apr;24:67–73.
15. Prevalence and clinical profile of thyroid eye disease among patients with thyroid dysfunction visiting a tertiary care teaching hospital: Thyroid eye disease in thyroid dysfunction | Journal of Chitwan Medical College [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jun 26]. Available from: https://jcmc.com.np/jcmc/index.php/jcmc/article/view/1542
16. Bartalena L, Kahaly GJ, Baldeschi L, Dayan CM, Eckstein A, Marcocci C, et al. The 2021 European Group on Graves’ orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves’ orbitopathy. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021 Aug 27;185(4):G43–67.
17. Shabto JM, Stevens S, Kazim M. Thyroid eye disease and ocular myasthenia gravis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2025 Feb 1;38(1):71–8.
18. Wiersinga W, Žarković M, Bartalena L, Donati S, Perros P, Okosieme O, et al. Predictive score for the development or progression of Graves’ orbitopathy in patients with newly diagnosed Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018 Jun;178(6):635–43.
19. Dosiou C, Kossler AL. Thyroid Eye Disease: Navigating the New Treatment Landscape. J Endocr Soc. 2021 May 1;5(5):bvab034.
20. Maheshwari R, Weis E. Thyroid associated orbitopathy. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2012 Apr;60(2):87.
21. Bahn RS. Graves’ Ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med. 2010 Feb 25;362(8):726–38.
22. Marcocci C, Kahaly GJ, Krassas GE, Bartalena L, Prummel M, Stahl M, et al. Selenium and the course of mild Graves’ orbitopathy. N Engl J Med. 2011 May 19;364(20):1920–31.
23. Wu T, Tang DR, Wang F, Xia S, Sun FY. [The value of DCE-MRI in assessing the course of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2017 Jun 11;53(6):430–5.
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Published
Oct 27, 2025
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How to Cite
Dr.G.Sireesha, Dr.T.Suchitra, Dr.K.V Praveen kumar, & Dr.P.Sushmitha. (2025). AN OCULAR PERCEPTIVE OF THYROID DISORDERS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS- A CLINICAL PROSPECTIVE STUDY. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(9), 1047-1054. https://doi.org/10.53555/ke899f62
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Author Biographies
Dr.G.Sireesha
Assistant professor, ACSR GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, NELLORE, ANDHRA PRADESH.
Dr.T.Suchitra
Assistant professor, ACSR GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, NELLORE, ANDHRA PRADESH.
Dr.K.V Praveen kumar
Assistant professor, ACSR GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, NELLORE, ANDHRA PRADESH.
Dr.P.Sushmitha
Junior resident. ACSR GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, NELLORE, ANDHRA PRADESH.
How to Cite
Dr.G.Sireesha, Dr.T.Suchitra, Dr.K.V Praveen kumar, & Dr.P.Sushmitha. (2025). AN OCULAR PERCEPTIVE OF THYROID DISORDERS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS- A CLINICAL PROSPECTIVE STUDY. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(9), 1047-1054. https://doi.org/10.53555/ke899f62