PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG SCHOOL-GOING ADOLESCENTS IN RAJASTHAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
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Keywords
Adolescent obesity, overweight, risk factors, school health, India
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescent obesity has emerged as a critical public health challenge in India, with rising prevalence rates threatening long-term health outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and identify associated risk factors among school-going adolescents in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 adolescents aged 13-18 years from March to August 2024 at Vyas Medical College & Hospital, Jodhpur. Multistage stratified random sampling was employed to recruit participants from government and private schools. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires capturing sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, physical activity patterns, and screen time. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and waist circumference were recorded using standardized protocols. Body Mass Index was calculated and classified according to WHO growth reference standards. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression.
Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.4% and 7.0% respectively, with combined prevalence of 24.4%. Females showed higher prevalence (27.6%) compared to males (21.6%). Multivariate analysis identified significant independent predictors: private school attendance (AOR=2.47), urban residence (AOR=1.82), higher family income (AOR=2.73), maternal education (AOR=1.94), family history of obesity (AOR=3.21), insufficient physical activity (AOR=2.08), excessive screen time (AOR=1.89), frequent junk food consumption (AOR=1.76), and motorized transportation (AOR=1.67).
Conclusion: Nearly one-quarter of adolescents were overweight or obese, indicating substantial disease burden. Multiple modifiable risk factors were identified, necessitating comprehensive school-based and family-centered interventions addressing nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors.
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Dr. Owais Rasool Allayee
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Vyas Medical College and Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan