ASSOCIATION OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA WITH FEBRILE SEIZURES IN CHILDREN – A CASE–CONTROL STUDY

Abstract

Febrile seizures are the most common convulsive disorder in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Although often benign, their recurrence raises concern regarding potential predisposing factors. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been suggested as one such risk factor due to its impact on oxygen transport and neurotransmitter metabolism.

Objective: To evaluate the association between iron deficiency anemia and the occurrence of febrile seizures in children.

Methods: A case–control study was conducted on 100 children (50 with first-episode febrile seizures and 50 febrile controls without seizures), aged 6 months to 5 years. Hematological and biochemical parameters—hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)—were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS; significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: Iron deficiency was found in 92% of cases and 42% of controls (p < 0.001). Mean serum iron and ferritin levels were significantly lower, and TIBC significantly higher in seizure cases. The calculated odds ratio (15.88) and relative risk (2.19) confirmed a strong association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures. No significant difference was observed in age, sex, or type of infection between groups.

Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is significantly associated with febrile seizures in children. Screening and early correction of iron deficiency should be emphasized in pediatric care to potentially reduce seizure risk.