BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS AND ASSOCIATED FAMILY AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN OF FACTORY WORKERS IN NORTH INDIA

Abstract

Introduction: Behavioural problems among children are emerging as a significant public health concern, especially in developing countries like India where socioeconomic disparities and limited access to mental health services prevail. Children of factory workers are particularly vulnerable due to adverse environmental and family conditions. Aim: To assess the prevalence of behavioural problems and associated socio-demographic characteristics in children of factory workers, and to evaluate their impact on personal, social, and school life. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted over one year (July 2022–June 2023) in the Department of Paediatrics, ESIC Model Hospital, Noida, Uttar Pradesh. A total of 200 children aged 6–12 years, belonging to factory worker families, were randomly enrolled. Behavioural problems were screened using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) with impact supplement. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the modified Kuppuswamy scale. Results: Of 200 participants, 54% were female and 50% belonged to the 6–9 years age group. Overall, 20% had abnormal total SDQ scores, while 31% fell into the borderline category. Emotional symptoms (34%) and conduct problems (22%) were the most common behavioural issues, while hyperactivity (8.5%) and peer problems (4.5%) were less frequent. Significant associations were found between behavioural problems and socio-demographic factors such as urban residence, nuclear family structure, lower parental education, limited leisure time with parents, presence of family conflict, disability in child, and absence of one/both parents (p<0.05). Conclusion: Behavioural problems are prevalent among children of factory workers, with emotional and conduct disorders being the most frequent. Socio-demographic and family-related factors strongly influence these problems. Early screening using simple tools like the SDQ and strengthening family support systems may help reduce their long-term impact on children’s well-being.