CORRELATION BETWEEN LIPID ABNORMALITIES AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN HYPOTHYROIDISM AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.
Main Article Content
Keywords
Hypothyroidism, Dyslipidemia, Cardiovascular Risk, Lipid Profile, Thyroid Hormones, LDL, HDL
Abstract
Background: Hypothyroidism is associated with significant metabolic disturbances, particularly affecting lipid metabolism. These lipid abnormalities may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Understanding the relationship between hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia is essential for early intervention and prevention of cardiovascular complications.
Objective: To evaluate the correlation between lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular risk in patients with hypothyroidism at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of General Medicine at Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Nepal, from June to November 2013. A total of 69 patients aged 18–60 years with overt or subclinical hypothyroidism were included. Lipid profiles were compared between hypothyroid patients and healthy controls. Demographic data, BMI, and age distribution were also analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Of the 69 patients, 67% were female and 33% male (p = 0.012). BMI distribution showed 41% had normal BMI, 35% were overweight, and 17% were obese (p = 0.038). The 41–50 age group showed a significant representation (26%, p = 0.031). Lipid analysis revealed significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (220.5 ± 35.2 mg/dL), LDL-C (140.6 ± 28.4 mg/dL), and triglycerides (160.8 ± 45.7 mg/dL) in the hypothyroid group compared to controls, while HDL-C was significantly lower (42.1 ± 6.3 mg/dL) (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is significantly associated with dyslipidemia, including elevated total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, and reduced HDL-C levels, which collectively contribute to increased cardiovascular risk. Early screening and appropriate management of lipid profiles in hypothyroid patients are critical to prevent long-term cardiovascular complications.
References
2. Lindeman RD, Schade DS, LaRue A, Romero LJ, Liang HC, Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Garry PJ. Subclinical hypothyroidism in a biethnic, urban community. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999 Jun;47(6):703-9.
3. Jung CH, Sung KC, Shin HS, Rhee EJ, Lee WY, Kim BS, Kang JH, Kim H, Kim SW, Lee MH, Park JR, Kim SW. Thyroid dysfunction and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors such as lipid profile, hsCRP, and waist hip ratio in Korea. Korean J Intern Med. 2003 Sep;18(3):146-53.
4. B. Kim, “Thyroid hormone as a determinant of energy expenditure and the basal metabolic rate,” Thyroid, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 141–144, 2008
5. X. Zhu and S. Y. Cheng, “New insights into regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormone,” Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 408 413, 2010.
6. A.N. A. Cachefo, P. Boucher, C. Vidon, E.Dusserre, F. Diraison, and M. Beylot, “Hepatic lipogenesis and choles terol synthesis in hyperthyroid patients,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 86, no. 11, pp. 5353 5357, 2001.
7. Y. Y. Liu and G. A. Brent, “Thyroid hormone crosstalk with nuclear receptor signaling in metabolic regulation,” Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 166–173, 2010.
8. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Garg MK, Kanwar R, Sastry A, Narang A, et al. Dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroidism in an Indian population. Clin Biochem. 2011;44(14–15):1214–7.
9. Duntas LH. Thyroid disease and lipids. Thyroid. 2012 May;22(5):441-5. doi: 10.1089/thy.2011.0394. PMID: 22409652.
10. Rizos CV, Elisaf MS. Effects of thyroid dysfunction on lipid profile. Open Cardiovasc Med J. 2011; 5:76-84. doi:10.2174/1874192401105010076.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Jalari Ramu
(Assistant Professor) Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences.