UNVEILING PHOSPHATASE SHIFTS FOLLOWING PERIODONTAL THERAPY IN NON-SMOKERS, FORMER AND CURRENT SMOKERS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
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Keywords
Chronic periodontitis; Smoking; Salivary biomarkers; Alkaline phosphatase; Acid phosphatase; Non-surgical periodontal therapy
Abstract
Background: Chronic periodontitis is a complex inflammatory condition that is greatly affected by tobacco consumption. Salivary enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP), act as useful biomarkers indicating periodontal tissue metabolism.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on clinical parameters and salivary levels of ALP and ACP in non-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers with chronic periodontitis.
Materials and Methods: Sixty patients aged 30–50 years with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis were divided equally into three groups: non-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. At Baseline,15th day and 4weeks saliva samples were collected for ALP and ACP analysis. Clinical parameters, including plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level, were recorded at baseline and 4 weeks.
Results: Non-smokers showed the greatest reduction in clinical indices and enzyme levels after therapy. Former smokers exhibited moderate improvement, with significant biochemical but limited clinical changes. Current smokers demonstrated minimal clinical improvement and inconsistent biochemical responses. Conclusion: NSPT improves periodontal health and reduces salivary enzyme activity, but smoking status strongly influences outcomes. Salivary ALP and ACP are reliable, non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring treatment response, highlighting the importance of smoking cessation in periodontal care.
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Dr. Supriti Dutta
Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontology, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, NIMS University, Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
Dr. Neetha Bhargava
Professor and Head, Department of Periodontology, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, NIMS University, Rajasthan, Jaipur India.
Dr Nancy Srivastava
Professor, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, NIMS University, Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
Dr Rachana Kulshrestha
Reader, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, NIMS University, Rajasthan, Jaipur India.