ADVERSE EFFECTS AND KNOWLEDGE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENT USAGE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN SURAT CITY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Dietary supplements are widely consumed globally, yet their regulation, safety, and clinical benefits remain controversial. The aim was to assess the implementation of pharmacological knowledge and attitudes towards the usage of dietary supplements among undergraduate medical students at a teaching medical college in Surat, India. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 230 undergraduate medical students. The validated survey tool assessed demographic details, dietary habits, awareness of supplement benefits and risks, patterns of supplement use, and attitudes toward physician disclosure and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Among 230 respondents (62.6% female, 37.4% male), only 3% reported chronic diseases, and 47% engaged in regular physical activity. Supplement consumption was common: multivitamins/minerals (35.7%), Vitamin B complex (33.5%), herbal supplements (31.3%), and energy drinks (23.0%) were the most frequently used products. While students were aware that supplements should not replace a balanced diet, knowledge regarding drug–supplement interactions, toxicity of certain products, and ADR reporting remained limited. Physically active students reported greater use of protein-based and performance-enhancing supplements, whereas non-active students leaned more toward general wellness products. Although knowledge of dietary supplements was moderate, gaps remain regarding adverse effects, ADR reporting, and physician communication. Structured educational interventions are warranted in medical curricula to enhance rational supplement use.