ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM IRISIN AND LEPTIN LEVELS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH LONG-STANDING TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM CENTRAL INDIA
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Keywords
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, depression, irisin, leptin, PHQ-9, HAM-D, biomarkers, insulin resistance, cross-sectional study
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently associated with depression, which negatively affects glycaemic control and quality of life. Recent studies suggest that biomarkers such as irisin and leptin may play a role in the pathophysiology of depression.
Aim: To assess the association between serum irisin and leptin levels and depressive symptoms in patients with T2DM.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over 6 months at the Department of Psychiatry, Index Medical College, Indore. A total of 86 patients with T2DM (≥5 years duration) were recruited. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Patients who screened positive on both scales were labelled as cases; others were classified as controls. Blood samples were analysed for serum irisin and leptin levels using ELISA. Statistical analysis included group comparisons and Spearman correlation.
Results: Out of 86 participants, 29 (33.7%) were classified as having depression. Serum irisin levels were significantly lower, while leptin levels were significantly higher in patients with depression compared to controls. Irisin showed a significant negative correlation with PHQ-9 and HAM-D scores (r = −0.62 and −0.59, respectively; p < 0.001), while leptin was positively correlated (r = 0.55 and 0.51, respectively; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Low serum irisin and high serum leptin levels were strongly associated with depressive symptoms in patients with long-standing T2DM. These biomarkers may serve as useful indicators for early identification of depression in diabetic populations.
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Dr Sopan Sardesai
Assistant Professor, Department of psychiatry, Index Medical College
Dr Vaibhav Chaturvedi
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Index Medical College
Dr. Kanak Dwivedi
PG Resident, Department of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College Indore
Dr Bhavika Mansharamani
Dr Bhavika Mansharamani, Senior Resident, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences