THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON ROLE OF CBT IN POST COVID PSYCHOSIS
Main Article Content
Keywords
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Abstract
This dissertation investigates the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in alleviating symptoms of psychosis in individuals suffering from post-COVID conditions, a growing concern given the increasing prevalence of psychotic disorders following COVID-19 infection. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, collecting both qualitative and quantitative data through patient symptom assessments, evaluations of therapy sessions, and long-term follow-up outcomes to comprehensively analyze the impact of CBT on recovery trajectories. The findings reveal that CBT significantly reduces psychotic symptoms and enhances overall mental health, with over 70% of participants reporting improved functioning and decreased distress levels after a structured intervention. Additionally, qualitative insights underline the therapeutic value of CBT in fostering coping strategies and resilience among individuals facing post-COVID psychological challenges. These results are significant in the healthcare context, highlighting the urgent need for effective treatment protocols for psychosis in post-COVID patients, which could inform clinical practices and guidelines. The study underscores the broader implications for mental health interventions, suggesting that integrating CBT into standard care for post-COVID symptoms could lead to improved outcomes and contribute to the development of tailored therapeutic approaches for this vulnerable population. By addressing a critical gap in the understanding of post-COVID mental health issues, this research not only enhances the therapeutic landscape for clinicians but also provides a foundation for future studies aimed at optimizing healthcare delivery in the wake of the pandemic.
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● TABLECameron Santoro. "Long COVID Symptoms Improve With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy." **, 2024, https://www.ajmc.com/view/long-covid-symptoms-improve-with-cognitive-behavioral-therapy.*Note.* Adapted from Long COVID Symptoms Improve With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, by Cameron Santoro, 2024, JAMA Network Open. Retrieved from https://www.ajmc.com/view/long-covid-symptoms-improve-with-cognitive-behavioral-therapy.Amanda Sacks-Zimmerman, Thomas F Bergquist, Ellen M Farr, Melinda A Cornwell, Dora Kanellopoulos. "Rehabilitation of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients With Long COVID: Position Statement." *American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine*, 2022, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9581644/.*Note.* Adapted from Rehabilitation of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients With Long COVID: Position Statement, by Amanda Sacks-Zimmerman, Thomas F Bergquist, Ellen M Farr, Melinda A Cornwell, Dora Kanellopoulos, 2022, American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol 104, Issue 2, p. 350-354. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9581644/.
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● TABLEAsif Rahman, Michael Russell, Wanhong Zheng, Daniel Eckrich, Imtiaz Ahmed, N3C Consortium. "SARS-CoV-2 Infection is Associated with an Increase in New Diagnoses of Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorder: A Study Using the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)." *medRxiv*, 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc /articles/PMC10723510/.*Note.* Adapted from SARS-CoV-2 Infection is Associated with an Increase in New Diagnoses of Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorder: A Study Using the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), by Asif Rahman, Michael Russell, Wanhong Zheng, Daniel Eckrich, Imtiaz Ahmed, N3C Consortium, 2023, medRxiv. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10723510/.Colin M Smith, Elizabeth B Gilbert, Paul A Riordan, Nicole Helmke, Megan von Isenburg, Brian R Kincaid, Kristen G Shirey. "COVID-19-associated psychosis: A systematic review of case reports." *Gen Hosp Psychiatry*, 2021, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34717240/.*Note.* Adapted from COVID-19-associated psychosis: A systematic review of case reports, by Colin M Smith, Elizabeth B Gilbert, Paul A Riordan, Nicole Helmke, Megan von Isenburg, Brian R Kincaid, Kristen G Shirey, 2021, Gen Hosp Psychiatry, Gen Hospital Psychiatry, Vol 73, Issue N/A, p. 84-100. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34717240/.Hans Oh, Jason Schiffman, Jonathan Marsh, Sasha Zhou, Ai Koyanagi, Jordan DeVylder. "COVID-19 Infection and Psychotic Experiences: Findings From the Healthy Minds Study 2020." *Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science*, 2021, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34877564/.*Note.* Adapted from COVID-19 Infection and Psychotic Experiences: Findings From the Healthy Minds Study 2020, by Hans Oh, Jason Schiffman, Jonathan Marsh, Sasha Zhou, Ai Koyanagi, Jordan DeVylder, 2021, Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science, Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci, Vol 1, Issue 4, p. 310-316. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34877564/.
● TABLELori Solomon. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Aids Patients With Long COVID." *HealthDay*, 2024, https://www.drugs.com/news/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-aids-patients-long-covid-122640.html.*Note.* Adapted from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Aids Patients With Long COVID, by Lori Solomon, 2024, HealthDay, The BMJ. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/news/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-aids-patients-long-covid-122640.html.Sarah L Kopelovich, Doug Turkington. "Remote CBT for Psychosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities." *Springer Science+Business Media, LLC*, 2020, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7528451/.*Note.* Adapted from Remote CBT for Psychosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities, by Sarah L Kopelovich, Doug Turkington, 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, Community Mental Health Journal, 57(1), p. 30–34. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7528451/.
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● K. Morin, Daniel Molke, Natalie Aubin, Shannon Knowlan, Tara Leary. "Evaluating a transitional housing program for people who use substances (PWUS) who experience homelessness and live with a mental health issue: a mixed-methods study protocol in Sudbury Ontario" BMC Health Services Research, 2024, doi: https://www.semanticscholar.org/ paper/d8 2ebde128a68fa9cbf41a892390bd39285c3cdc
● Lorna J O'Doherty, G. Carter, E. Sleath, Katherine E Brown, Sarah Brown, Eleanor Lutman-White, Louise Jackson, et al.. "Health and wellbeing of survivors of sexual violence and abuse attending sexual assault referral centres in England: the MESARCH mixed-methods evaluation." Health and social care delivery research, 2024, 1-133 . doi: https://www.semanticscholar .org/paper/fbc2899de6b495c10429489f2aeb80f63d64fb2f
● Muzamil Hussain Al Hussaini, Shumaila Kausar, Muhammad Tabarak Ul Huda Shah, Nousheen Munawar. "Impact of Social Isolation on Anxiety and Depression Post COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Solutions" Journal of Public Health Sciences, 2024, doi: https://www.semanticscholar.org/ paper/e9abaf84f809b4fdf615f368d7583c72e831ba6b
● Maryam Lali Dehghi, Asmat Sadat Atai Kechui, Tayebeh Dohooyi Mosa, Fatemeh Heidari. "Examining the Effect of a Strength-Based Approach on Distress Tolerance and Frustration Tolerance in Divorced Women" Applied Family Therapy Journal, 2024, doi: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4774bf7b1f0f64727b04229878a87f25b55cebf4
● Matteo Malgaroli, Thomas D. Hull, James M. Zech, Tim Althoff. "Natural language processing for mental health interventions: a systematic review and research framework" Translational Psychiatry, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02592-2
● Javed Iqbal, Diana Jaimes, Pallavi Makineni, Sachin Subramani, Sarah Hemaida, Thanmai Reddy Thugu, Amna Naveed Butt, et al.. "Reimagining Healthcare: Unleashing the Power of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine" Cureus, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.44658
● Lucy Lan, Jennifer Sikov, Julia Lejeune, Chelsea Ji, Hannah E. Brown, Kim Bullock, Andrea E. Spencer. "A Systematic Review of using Virtual and Augmented Reality for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Psychotic Disorders" Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, 2023, 87-107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40501-023-00287-5
● David J. Robinson, Kimberley Hanson, Akshay Jain, Jessica Kichler, Gaurav Mehta, Osnat C. Melamed, Michael Vallis, et al.. "Diabetes and Mental Health" Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 2023, 308-344. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.04.009
● Hanne Apers, Lore Van Praag, Christiana Nöstlinger, Charles Agyemang. "Interventions to improve the mental health or mental well-being of migrants and ethnic minority groups in Europe: A scoping review" Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2023.15
● Selina A. Landolt, Katharina Weitkamp, Michelle Roth, Natalie M. Sisson, Guy Bodenmann. "Dyadic coping and mental health in couples: A systematic review" Clinical Psychology Review, 2023, 102344-102344. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102344
● Zahra Mohtasham‐Amiri, Arash Heidari, Mehdi Darbandi, Yalda Yazdani, Nima Jafari Navimipour, Mansour Esmaeilpour, Farshid Sheykhi, et al.. "The Personal Health Applications of Machine Learning Techniques in the Internet of Behaviors" Sustainability, 2023, 12406-12406. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612406
● Wei Loong Lim, Stephanie Tierney. "The Effectiveness of Positive Psychology Interventions for Promoting Well-being of Adults Experiencing Depression Compared to Other Active Psychological Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis" Journal of Happiness Studies, 2022, 249-273. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00598-z
● Naomi Fineberg, José M. Menchón, Natalie Hall, Bernardo Dell’Osso, Matthias Brand, Marc N. Potenza, Samuel R. Chamberlain, et al.. "Advances in problematic usage of the internet research – A narrative review by experts from the European network for problematic usage of the internet" Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2022, 152346-152346. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.c omppsych.2022.152346
● Charli Babb, Janina Brede, Catherine R. G. Jones, Lucy Serpell, William Mandy, John R. E. Fox. "A comparison of the eating disorder service experiences of autistic and non‐autistic women in the UK" European Eating Disorders Review, 2022, 616-627. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ erv.2930
● Declan Grabb, Max Lamparth, Nina Vasan. "Risks from Language Models for Automated Mental Healthcare: Ethics and Structure for Implementation" medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.07.24305462
● Robert C. Bransfield, Charlotte Mao, Rosalie Greenberg. "Microbes and Mental Illness: Past, Present, and Future" Healthcare, 2023, 83-83. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12010083
● Daniel L. Bowling. "Biological principles for music and mental health" Translational Psychiatry, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02671-4
● Doğancan Sönmez, Çiçek Hocaoğlu. "Metaverse ve Psikiyatri: Bir Gözden Geçirme" Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 2023, 225-238. doi: https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1283964
● Abdalla Bowirrat, Igor Elman, Catherine A. Dennen, Marjorie C. Gondré–Lewis, Jean Lud Cadet, Jag Khalsa, David Baron, et al.. "Neurogenetics and Epigenetics of Loneliness" Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2023, 4839-4857. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/ prbm.s423802
● TABLEDaniel Huth, Anne-Kathrin Bräscher, Sarah Tholl, Johanna Fiess, Gunnar Birke, Christoph Herrmann, Michael Jöbges, Daniela Mier, Michael Witthöft. "Cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with post-COVID-19 condition (CBT-PCC): a feasibility trial." *Cambridge University Press*, 2024, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37842765/.*Note.* Adapted from Cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with post-COVID-19 condition (CBT-PCC): a feasibility trial, by Daniel Huth, Anne-Kathrin Bräscher, Sarah Tholl, Johanna Fiess, Gunnar Birke, Christoph Herrmann, Michael Jöbges, Daniela Mier, Michael Witthöft, 2024, Cambridge University Press, Psychological Medicine, Vol 54, Issue 6, p. 1122-1132. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37842765/.
● TABLECameron Santoro. "Long COVID Symptoms Improve With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy." **, 2024, https://www.ajmc.com/view/long-covid-symptoms-improve-with-cognitive-behavioral-therapy.*Note.* Adapted from Long COVID Symptoms Improve With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, by Cameron Santoro, 2024, JAMA Network Open. Retrieved from https://www.ajmc.com/view/long-covid-symptoms-improve-with-cognitive-behavioral-therapy.Amanda Sacks-Zimmerman, Thomas F Bergquist, Ellen M Farr, Melinda A Cornwell, Dora Kanellopoulos. "Rehabilitation of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients With Long COVID: Position Statement." *American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine*, 2022, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9581644/.*Note.* Adapted from Rehabilitation of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients With Long COVID: Position Statement, by Amanda Sacks-Zimmerman, Thomas F Bergquist, Ellen M Farr, Melinda A Cornwell, Dora Kanellopoulos, 2022, American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol 104, Issue 2, p. 350-354. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9581644/.
● TABLE "." **, 2025, https://europepmc.org/article/PPR/PPR550739.*Note.* , 2025. Retrieved from https://europepmc.org/article/PPR/PPR550739.Daniel Huth, Anne-Kathrin Bräscher, Sarah Tholl, Johanna Fiess, Gunnar Birke, Christoph Herrmann, Michael Jöbges, Daniela Mier, Michael Witthöft. "Cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with post-COVID-19 condition (CBT-PCC): a feasibility trial." **, 2024, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37842765/.*Note.* Adapted from Cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with post-COVID-19 condition (CBT-PCC): a feasibility trial, by Daniel Huth, Anne-Kathrin Bräscher, Sarah Tholl, Johanna Fiess, Gunnar Birke, Christoph Herrmann, Michael Jöbges, Daniela Mier, Michael Witthöft, 2024, Psychological Medicine, Vol 54, Issue 6, p. 1122-1132. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37842765/.Susanna Burgess-Barr, Emily Nicholas, Bethany Venus, Niharika Singh, Abigail Nethercott, Gemma Taylor, Pamela Jacobsen. "International rates of receipt of psychological therapy for psychosis and schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis." *BMC*, 2023, https://ijmhs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13033-023-00576-9.*Note.* Adapted from International rates of receipt of psychological therapy for psychosis and schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis, by Susanna Burgess-Barr, Emily Nicholas, Bethany Venus, Niharika Singh, Abigail Nethercott, Gemma Taylor, Pamela Jacobsen, 2023, BMC, International Journal of Mental Health Systems, Vol 17, Article 8. Retrieved from https://ijmhs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13033-023-00576-9.
● TABLEAsif Rahman, Michael Russell, Wanhong Zheng, Daniel Eckrich, Imtiaz Ahmed, N3C Consortium. "SARS-CoV-2 Infection is Associated with an Increase in New Diagnoses of Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorder: A Study Using the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)." *medRxiv*, 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc /articles/PMC10723510/.*Note.* Adapted from SARS-CoV-2 Infection is Associated with an Increase in New Diagnoses of Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorder: A Study Using the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), by Asif Rahman, Michael Russell, Wanhong Zheng, Daniel Eckrich, Imtiaz Ahmed, N3C Consortium, 2023, medRxiv. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10723510/.Colin M Smith, Elizabeth B Gilbert, Paul A Riordan, Nicole Helmke, Megan von Isenburg, Brian R Kincaid, Kristen G Shirey. "COVID-19-associated psychosis: A systematic review of case reports." *Gen Hosp Psychiatry*, 2021, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34717240/.*Note.* Adapted from COVID-19-associated psychosis: A systematic review of case reports, by Colin M Smith, Elizabeth B Gilbert, Paul A Riordan, Nicole Helmke, Megan von Isenburg, Brian R Kincaid, Kristen G Shirey, 2021, Gen Hosp Psychiatry, Gen Hospital Psychiatry, Vol 73, Issue N/A, p. 84-100. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34717240/.Hans Oh, Jason Schiffman, Jonathan Marsh, Sasha Zhou, Ai Koyanagi, Jordan DeVylder. "COVID-19 Infection and Psychotic Experiences: Findings From the Healthy Minds Study 2020." *Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science*, 2021, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34877564/.*Note.* Adapted from COVID-19 Infection and Psychotic Experiences: Findings From the Healthy Minds Study 2020, by Hans Oh, Jason Schiffman, Jonathan Marsh, Sasha Zhou, Ai Koyanagi, Jordan DeVylder, 2021, Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science, Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci, Vol 1, Issue 4, p. 310-316. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34877564/.
● TABLELori Solomon. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Aids Patients With Long COVID." *HealthDay*, 2024, https://www.drugs.com/news/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-aids-patients-long-covid-122640.html.*Note.* Adapted from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Aids Patients With Long COVID, by Lori Solomon, 2024, HealthDay, The BMJ. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/news/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-aids-patients-long-covid-122640.html.Sarah L Kopelovich, Doug Turkington. "Remote CBT for Psychosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities." *Springer Science+Business Media, LLC*, 2020, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7528451/.*Note.* Adapted from Remote CBT for Psychosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities, by Sarah L Kopelovich, Doug Turkington, 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, Community Mental Health Journal, 57(1), p. 30–34. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7528451/.
● "Flowchart of a multi-phase psychological engagement approach." media.springernature.com, 21 July 2025, https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.11 86%2Fs13063-022-06215-x/MediaObjects/13063_2022_6215_Fig2_HTML.png.
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Jul 20, 2024
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Dr. Sahil, Dr. Praveen Yadav, Dr. Rohit, & Dr. Shekhar Saini. (2024). THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON ROLE OF CBT IN POST COVID PSYCHOSIS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(7), 2125-2138. https://doi.org/10.53555/dqa47p80
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Author Biographies
Dr. Sahil
(https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2775-7481)
Dr. Praveen Yadav
(https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6469-305X)
Dr. Rohit
(https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5987-6380)
Dr. Shekhar Saini
(https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0933-463X)
How to Cite
Dr. Sahil, Dr. Praveen Yadav, Dr. Rohit, & Dr. Shekhar Saini. (2024). THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON ROLE OF CBT IN POST COVID PSYCHOSIS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(7), 2125-2138. https://doi.org/10.53555/dqa47p80