RISK FACTORS DISTRIBUTION AMONG PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AND NON-SEVERE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
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Keywords
coronary artery disease, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Atherosclerotic coronary disease is the most important cause of mortality and morbidity. There are many well known risk factors of coronary artery disease. Risk factors for ischemic heart disease that can affect abnormal lipids, obesity, smoking, high blood pressure and diabetes. Association of these cardiovascular risk factors with ischemic heart disease is well established. But the association between ischemic heart disease risk factors and CAD severity on coronary angiography is less related and many studies have produced different results. To determine the association of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with severe versus non-severe coronary artery disease (CAD).
Material & Methods: A total number of 200 patients having age 30-70 years, diagnosed with severe (cases N=100) CAD and those who have insignificant CAD (control, N=100) were included in our research. The diagnosis of factors for CAD e.g. smoking, high sugar, high blood pressure and lipids, family history of CAD and obesity were made in all patients. Chi-square test was applied and odds ratio value >1 was taken significant association.
Results: Mean age in our study was 51.01+7.76 years. There were 159 (79.50%) male patients, 99 (49.50%) obese, 90 (45.0%) diabetic, 94 (47.0%) hypertensive, 77 (38.5%) smokers, 53 (26.5%) with positive family history and 17 (8.5%) dyslipidemic. Regarding association of cardiovascular risk factors with severity of CAD, smoking (odds ratio 1.73, p-value 0.04), hypertension (odds ratio 1.6, p-value 0.05), diabetes (odds ratio 1.6, p-value 0.05), and obesity (odds ratio 1.98, p-value 0.016) were independently associated with severity of CAD.
Conclusion: Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity emerged as independent predictors of severe coronary artery disease in this study, whereas dyslipidemia and family history did not show significant associations. These findings emphasize the importance of controlling modifiable risk factors to reduce the severity of ischemic heart disease in the local population.
References
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Nauman Ali
Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology, PIC/ Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Muhammad Umar Iqbal
Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, PIC/ Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur
Mudassar Iqbal
Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Ch Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan
Pakistan
Muhammad Sarwar Khalid
Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology, PIC/ Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Fouzia Goher
Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, PIC/ Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur
Asif Ali
Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, PIC/ Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur