PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Main Article Content
Keywords
Body mass index, Family history, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Maternal age, Risk factors
Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a significant metabolic complication during pregnancy with substantial maternal and fetal implications. South Asian populations demonstrate higher GDM prevalence compared to global averages, necessitating population-specific epidemiological studies to inform clinical practice and public health policy.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh from January to December 2014. A total of 250 pregnant women between 24-28 weeks gestation were recruited using consecutive sampling. Data collection included structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and 75-gram oral glucose tolerance tests. Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression.
Results: The overall GDM prevalence was 16.8%. Significant associations were identified between GDM and advanced maternal age (45.0% in ≥35 years vs 7.7% in 18-24 years, p<0.001), elevated BMI (53.8% in obese vs 4.3% in underweight, p<0.001), positive family history of diabetes (31.3% vs 11.5%, p<0.001), and previous GDM history (44.4% vs 14.7%, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed independent risk factors: age ≥35 years (AOR=8.24), obesity (AOR=7.89), overweight status (AOR=3.47), family history of diabetes (AOR=2.84), and previous GDM (AOR=4.12).
Conclusion: The high GDM prevalence and identified risk factors support implementation of risk-stratified screening protocols and targeted prevention strategies. Healthcare systems should prioritize pre-conception counseling, weight management interventions, and comprehensive care pathways for high-risk populations.
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Dr. Mili Poonia
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh