GLOBAL HEALTH THROUGH SURGERY: ADDRESSING DISPARITIES AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PRIORITY

Abstract

The Globally General surgery is increasingly recognized as a critical, yet often underestimated, cornerstone of global public health. This review explores the profound impact of general surgery on global health outcomes and its indispensable role in reducing pervasive health disparities worldwide. Historically overlooked in global health agendas, conditions requiring surgical intervention account for a significant portion of the global burden of disease, contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic loss, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We highlight how timely access to essential surgical care addresses a wide spectrum of public health challenges, from preventable deaths due to acute emergencies like trauma and obstetric complications, to chronic conditions such as cancers and congenital anomalies. Despite the immense need, an estimated 5 billion people lack access to safe, affordable, and timely surgical care, perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality. This review synthesizes evidence demonstrating that integrating general surgical services into universal health coverage strategies is crucial for health systems strengthening and achieving health equity. It underscores the cost-effectiveness of surgical interventions and advocates for increased investment in infrastructure, workforce training, and policy development. By spotlighting general surgery's foundational role, this review aims to elevate its prominence within public health discourse and accelerate efforts towards a more equitable and healthier global population.