TRADITIONAL BELIEFS VS. MODERN PSYCHIATRY: A STUDY OF MENTAL ILLNESS PERCEPTION IN BALOCHISTAN

Abstract

Mental illness remains a highly misunderstood and stigmatized issue in many parts of the world, particularly in regions where traditional belief systems dominate everyday life. This study explores the contrasting perceptions of mental illness shaped by indigenous cultural beliefs and modern psychiatric frameworks in Balochistan, Pakistan. Drawing from qualitative interviews with local residents, traditional healers, and mental health professionals, alongside a review of existing literature, the research reveals a complex interplay between spiritual interpretations of mental distress such as possession by jinn, black magic, or divine punishment and the biomedical model promoted by contemporary psychiatry. These traditional narratives significantly influence help-seeking behaviors, often leading individuals to prioritize spiritual or folk healing practices over psychiatric care. Furthermore, the research highlights how mental health professionals operating in Balochistan must navigate these deeply rooted belief systems while attempting to deliver effective care. The findings suggest that a culturally sensitive approach, which acknowledges and integrates local traditions without compromising clinical efficacy, is essential for improving mental health literacy and reducing stigma in the region. This study contributes to a broader understanding of how cultural context shapes mental illness perception and offers practical recommendations for bridging the gap between traditional and modern approaches to mental healthcare in marginalized and underserved communities.