ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY FOR EARLY CANCER DETECTION
Main Article Content
Keywords
Molecular pathology, early cancer detection, liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing
Abstract
Background: Through molecular pathology scientists have transformed early cancer detection through exact diagnoses of genetic and epigenetic transformations in cancer cells. Various advancements in biomarkers and next-generation sequencing and liquid biopsy techniques have enhanced detection capabilities during the preclinical stage of cancer. Better treatment results occur when patients receive early cancer detection because this enables medical staff to deliver timely interventions with customized treatment plans which leads to superior survival statistics.
Objectives: The evaluation assesses molecular pathology methods for cancer detection in its early stages through genetic biomarkers and liquid biopsy and advanced sequencing technologies which increase diagnostic precision and patient outcome predictions.
Study design: a cross-sectional study.
Place and duration of study. Department of Microbiology Nowshera Medical College Nowsher, Kpk-Pakistan From july 2021 to july 2022
Methods: 100 patient early cancer screening tests using liquid biopsy and NGS and PCR-based methods were analyzed for molecular pathology data. Study examined blood and tissue samples for genetic mutations combined with epigenetic modifications as well as circulating tumor DNA content. An assessment was conducted utilizing statistical approaches to determine biomarker detection significance through mean age evaluation together with standard deviation and p-values.
Results: 100 participants whose average age amounted to 55.6 years with a standard deviation of 8.3 years. The detection rates for important cancer-associated mutations proved much higher in cancers at early stages than those at advanced stages according to statistical analysis (p < 0.01). Observational studies showed liquid biopsy succeeded in finding ctDNA in 78% of diagnosed cancer patients but the NGS assay found actionable mutations in 62% of samples. The detection capabilities of epigenetic markers demonstrated an 85% success rate for identifying early malignancies. Statistical analysis showed a powerful relationship between the use of molecular markers and detecting cancer early thereby demonstrating their worth in clinical practice.
Conclusion: The molecular pathology tests liquid biopsy and NGS provide delicate early cancer detection through their precise screening abilities. Disease detection during preclinical stages becomes more effective by identifying mutations with clinical value and circulating tumor markers through techniques such as liquid biopsy and NGS. Additional studies must be performed to improve these techniques which need to be implemented systematically for widespread clinical adoption.
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Adnan Masood
Assistant Professor Department of Microbiology Nowshera Medical College Nowsher, Kpk-Pakistan