"SERUM VITAMIN D AND HBA1C: A HIDDEN CONNECTION IN INDIAN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS"
Main Article Content
Keywords
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Vitamin D, HbA1c, Glycemic Control, Fasting Blood Sugar, Correlation Study
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency and poor glycemic control are common among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients, particularly in India. While emerging evidence suggests a role of Vitamin D in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, the relationship remains inconclusive. This study investigates the correlation between serum Vitamin D levels and HbA1c among T2DM patients.
Objectives: To evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D levels and HbA1c in T2DM patients, and to assess its correlation with other metabolic parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), BMI, and lipid profile.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from December 2023 to December 2024 at Index Medical College and Hospital, Indore. A total of 200 patients aged 30–70 years with a confirmed diagnosis of T2DM (≥6 months) were enrolled. Serum Vitamin D and HbA1c levels were measured using VIDAS Immunoassay and Bio-Rad D-10 analyzer, respectively. Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson’s coefficient, and multivariate regression was applied to control for confounding variables.
Results: Among the 200 participants, 53% were female and 47% male. The mean Vitamin D level was ± 7.56 ng/mL, while the mean HbA1c was 8.72 ± 0.70%. A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between Vitamin D and HbA1c (r = -0.74, p < 0.05), as well as between Vitamin D and FBS (r = -0.54, p < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between Vitamin D and BMI (r = -0.04) or total cholesterol (r = -0.15).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant negative correlation between Vitamin D levels and glycemic markers (HbA1c and FBS) in T2DM patients, suggesting a potential role for Vitamin D in improving glycemic control. Routine screening and correction of Vitamin D deficiency in diabetic patients may offer metabolic benefits.
Objectives: To evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D levels and HbA1c in T2DM patients, and to assess its correlation with other metabolic parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), BMI, and lipid profile.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from December 2023 to December 2024 at Index Medical College and Hospital, Indore. A total of 200 patients aged 30–70 years with a confirmed diagnosis of T2DM (≥6 months) were enrolled. Serum Vitamin D and HbA1c levels were measured using VIDAS Immunoassay and Bio-Rad D-10 analyzer, respectively. Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson’s coefficient, and multivariate regression was applied to control for confounding variables.
Results: Among the 200 participants, 53% were female and 47% male. The mean Vitamin D level was ± 7.56 ng/mL, while the mean HbA1c was 8.72 ± 0.70%. A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between Vitamin D and HbA1c (r = -0.74, p < 0.05), as well as between Vitamin D and FBS (r = -0.54, p < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between Vitamin D and BMI (r = -0.04) or total cholesterol (r = -0.15).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant negative correlation between Vitamin D levels and glycemic markers (HbA1c and FBS) in T2DM patients, suggesting a potential role for Vitamin D in improving glycemic control. Routine screening and correction of Vitamin D deficiency in diabetic patients may offer metabolic benefits.
References
1. World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf?ua=1&u a=1
2. International diabetis federation atlas 2015.7.Available from : http://www.dmthai.org/sites/default/files/idf_atlas_2015_uk_0.pdf
3. Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R, Zheng H, Schoenfeld D, Heine RJ. Translatin g the A1C assay into estimated average glucose values. Diabetes Care.2008; 31(8):1473- 1478.
4. Nathan DM, Turgeon H, Regan S. Relationship between glycated haemoglobin levels and mean glucose levels over time. Diabetologia, 2007; 50:2239-2244.
5. International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1C assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32:1327-1334.
6. Zhao H, Zhen Y, Wang Z, Qi L, Li Y, Ren L, Chen S. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes bMetabSyndrObes. 2020;13:3899-3907. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S265183
7. Alharazy SM, Almaeen AH, Alshehri YM, Aldosari KH, Alsaleh YM, Almutairi MA. Vitamin D deficiency and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes MetabSyndr. 2022;16(5):102481. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102481
8. Sadiya A, Ahmed SM, Carlsson M, Tesfa Y, George M, Ali SH, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United Arab Emirates. Diabetes Res ClinPract. 2014;106(3):e70-73. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.045
9. Joergensen C, Gall MA, Schmedes A, Tarnow L, Parving HH, Rossing P. Vitamin D levels and mortality in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(10):2238-2243. doi:10.2337/dc10-0582
10. Kumar S, Arora A, Sharma S, Mishra A, Sehgal A. Association of vitamin D with HbA1c levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A North Indian study. Indian J EndocrinolMetab. 2018;22(5):632-636.
11. Halton TL, Willett WC, Liu S, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. Potato and french fry consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2006 Feb 1;83(2):284-90.
12. Krishnan S, Coogan PF, Boggs DA, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR. Consumption of restaurant foods and incidence of type 2 diabetes in African American women. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2009 Dec 16;91(2):465-71.
13. Muraki I, Imamura F, Manson JE, Hu FB, Willett WC, van Dam RM, Sun Q. Fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective longitudinal cohort studies. Bmj. 2013 Aug 29;347:f5001.
14. Xi B, Li S, Liu Z, Tian H, Yin X, Huai P, Tang W, Zhou D, Steffen LM. Intake of fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one. 2014 Mar 28;9(3):e93471.
15. Gillies CL, Abrams KR, Lambert PC, Cooper NJ, Sutton AJ, Hsu RT, Khunti K. Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bmj. 2007 Feb 8;334(7588):299.
16. Ley SH, Hamdy O, Mohan V, Hu FB. Prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: dietary components and nutritional strategies. The Lancet. 2014 Jun 7;383(9933):1999-2007.
2. International diabetis federation atlas 2015.7.Available from : http://www.dmthai.org/sites/default/files/idf_atlas_2015_uk_0.pdf
3. Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R, Zheng H, Schoenfeld D, Heine RJ. Translatin g the A1C assay into estimated average glucose values. Diabetes Care.2008; 31(8):1473- 1478.
4. Nathan DM, Turgeon H, Regan S. Relationship between glycated haemoglobin levels and mean glucose levels over time. Diabetologia, 2007; 50:2239-2244.
5. International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1C assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32:1327-1334.
6. Zhao H, Zhen Y, Wang Z, Qi L, Li Y, Ren L, Chen S. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes bMetabSyndrObes. 2020;13:3899-3907. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S265183
7. Alharazy SM, Almaeen AH, Alshehri YM, Aldosari KH, Alsaleh YM, Almutairi MA. Vitamin D deficiency and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes MetabSyndr. 2022;16(5):102481. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102481
8. Sadiya A, Ahmed SM, Carlsson M, Tesfa Y, George M, Ali SH, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United Arab Emirates. Diabetes Res ClinPract. 2014;106(3):e70-73. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.045
9. Joergensen C, Gall MA, Schmedes A, Tarnow L, Parving HH, Rossing P. Vitamin D levels and mortality in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(10):2238-2243. doi:10.2337/dc10-0582
10. Kumar S, Arora A, Sharma S, Mishra A, Sehgal A. Association of vitamin D with HbA1c levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A North Indian study. Indian J EndocrinolMetab. 2018;22(5):632-636.
11. Halton TL, Willett WC, Liu S, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. Potato and french fry consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2006 Feb 1;83(2):284-90.
12. Krishnan S, Coogan PF, Boggs DA, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR. Consumption of restaurant foods and incidence of type 2 diabetes in African American women. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2009 Dec 16;91(2):465-71.
13. Muraki I, Imamura F, Manson JE, Hu FB, Willett WC, van Dam RM, Sun Q. Fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective longitudinal cohort studies. Bmj. 2013 Aug 29;347:f5001.
14. Xi B, Li S, Liu Z, Tian H, Yin X, Huai P, Tang W, Zhou D, Steffen LM. Intake of fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one. 2014 Mar 28;9(3):e93471.
15. Gillies CL, Abrams KR, Lambert PC, Cooper NJ, Sutton AJ, Hsu RT, Khunti K. Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bmj. 2007 Feb 8;334(7588):299.
16. Ley SH, Hamdy O, Mohan V, Hu FB. Prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: dietary components and nutritional strategies. The Lancet. 2014 Jun 7;383(9933):1999-2007.
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Published
Jun 23, 2025
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How to Cite
Ruchir Jain, & Jaya Jain. (2025). "SERUM VITAMIN D AND HBA1C: A HIDDEN CONNECTION IN INDIAN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS". Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(5), 1141-1146. https://doi.org/10.53555/676d0748
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Author Biographies
Ruchir Jain
PhD Scholar, Dept of Biochemistry, Index Medical College & Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh.
Jaya Jain
Professor, Dept of Biochemistry, Index Medical College & Hospital,Indore, Madhya Pradesh
How to Cite
Ruchir Jain, & Jaya Jain. (2025). "SERUM VITAMIN D AND HBA1C: A HIDDEN CONNECTION IN INDIAN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS". Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(5), 1141-1146. https://doi.org/10.53555/676d0748