IMPACT OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO USE ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ANEMIA-RELATED INDICES IN ADULT MALES
Main Article Content
Keywords
Smokeless tobacco, anemia, hemoglobin, hematological parameters, red blood cell indices.
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is widely consumed in South Asia and has been linked to several systemic health effects. Evidence regarding its influence on hematological parameters and anemia-related indices remains inconsistent.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 234 adult males, including 59 smokeless tobacco users and 175 non-users. Hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), lymphocyte percentage, and neutrophil percentage were compared between groups.
Results: Smokeless tobacco users demonstrated lower mean hemoglobin, RBC count, hematocrit, and MCH values than non-users. Users also exhibited slightly higher platelet counts, MPV, and lymphocyte percentages. However, none of the observed differences reached statistical significance (p>0.05). The pattern nevertheless suggested a tendency toward less favorable anemia-related indicesamong smokeless tobacco users.
Conclusion: Smokeless tobacco use was associated with lower hemoglobin-related indices, although statistically significant differences were not observed. Larger prospective studies are required to clarify the potential contribution of smokeless tobacco to anemia and hematological alterations.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Abdul Waheed
Department of Medicine, Jhalawan Medical College, Khuzdar.
Abdul Samad
Department of Physiology, Pak International Medical College Peshawar.
Malook Jan
Department of Hematology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi.
Hazar Khan Bugti
Department of Pharmacology, Mekran Medical College, Turbat.
Noor Nasir Rajpoot
Department of Medicine, Mekran Medical College, Turbat.
Ali Muhammad Memmon
Department of Physiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro.
