MEASUREMENT OF WBCS, OBESTATIN AND B-LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATING FACTOR LEVELS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH TYPE2 DIABETES
Main Article Content
Keywords
WBCs, Obestatin ,PAFF, Obese women and DM2
Abstract
The present study included the evaluation of WBCs count , Obestatin and B-lymphocyte activating factor (PAFF) among obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending Samarra General Hospital and private clinics in Samarra City, Salah Al-Din Governorate. The study was conducted from mid-October 2022 to early February 2023. The study population comprised women aged between 55 and 85 years.A total of 120 women were enrolled in the study. Thirty apparently healthy women were included as the control group, while the remaining ninety participants constituted the patient groups.
White blood cell counts were assessed using a Mindray BS-5000 CBC analyzer. Serum levels of obestatin (OBST) and B-lymphocyte activating factor (BAFF) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.
The results of the current study demonstrated a statistically significant increase in white blood cell counts and BAFF levels in the patient group compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, a statistically significant decrease in obestatin levels (p ≤ 0.05) was observed in the patient group compared with the control group.
References
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31. Qiao J, et al. Role of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in B-cell proliferation and differentiation. Immunology. 2017;152(3):457–467.
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34. Swaroop JJ, et al. BAFF expression in mature adipocytes and its role in adipogenesis in vitro. J Cell Biochem. 2012;113(4):1234–1242.
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37. Rotter V, et al. Macrophage-derived BAFF and its contribution to insulin resistance: Similarity to TNF-α effects. Cytokine. 2003;24(3):118–125.
38. Tchoukalova YD, et al. Lipid metabolism alterations in obesity: Triglyceride accumulation, free fatty acid synthesis, and adipokines. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18(12):2337–2344.
39. Kopp A, et al. Differentiated adipocytes secrete TNF-α and BAFF: Implications for insulin resistance. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(7):4233–4241.
40. Tilg H, Moschen AR. Adipokines and insulin resistance: The role of BAFF and TNF-α. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2008;4(9):441–449.
2. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2016. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(Suppl 1):S1–S112.
3. Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Lee H, Lumeng CN. Body weight changes in women through midlife: The role of menopause. Maturitas. 2016;85:1–9.
4. Sinatora RD, Varghese M, et al. Postmenopausal adiposity and metabolic risk: Role of estradiol imbalance and adipokines. J Endocrinol Invest. 2022;45(3):451–463.
5. Varghese M, Sinatora RD, et al. Visceral fat, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;501:210–218.
6. Daryabor G, Atkin SL, et al. Obesity-induced immune dysregulation: Role of neutrophils in adipose tissue inflammation. Obes Rev. 2019;20(6):850–867.
7. Blaszczak A, et al. Hypertrophied adipocytes and lipid metabolism in insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Metabolism. 2021;119:154740.
8. Lin L, et al. Obestatin: Physiological roles in appetite, gastrointestinal motility, and energy balance. Peptides. 2014;56:53–59.
9. Villarreal R, et al. Obestatin’s impact on β-cell viability and insulin secretion: Mechanistic insights. Endocrinology. 2022;163(2):bqac001.
10. Pradhan G, et al. Regulation of insulin release by obestatin: Implications for metabolic control. J Endocrinol. 2017;232(2):123–134.
11. Kizilgul M, et al. White blood cell counts in diabetic patients: A comparative study with healthy controls. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;140:123–130.
12. Kheradmand M, et al. Hematological changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Clinical implications. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2019;18(2):345–352.
13. Kashima Y. Association of white blood cell count with type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population. J Diabetes Investig. 2019;10(5):1200–1207.
14. Barbieri M, et al. Hematological alterations in diabetes mellitus: Implications for metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2015;11(3):175–184.
15. Tong PCY, et al. White blood cell count and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(5):116–121.
16. Wheeler T, et al. Hematologic predictors of cardiovascular events in diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2004;26(6):465–476.
17. Milosevic I, Panin L. Inflammatory status and leukocyte subtypes in type 2 diabetes. Clin Immunol. 2019;208:108244.
18. Sorokina E, et al. Leukocyte subpopulations and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocrine Connections. 2021;10(6):789–798.
19. Du T, et al. White blood cells as markers of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2009;52:164–171.
20. Zhang X, et al. Inflammatory markers and diabetes: Clinical significance of WBC measurement. J Clin Lab Anal. 2017;31(4):e22045.
21. Tahir A. White blood cell count as a simple tool for assessing cardiovascular and metabolic risk in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2015;9(2):101–105.
22. Qi Y, et al. Serum obestatin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comparative study. Metabolism. 2007;56(10):1416–1420.
23. Lippl F, et al. Reduced circulating obestatin concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients: Implications for metabolic regulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(8):3145–3150.
24. Cuiping Y, Dongmei L. Relationship between circulating obestatin levels and body mass index in type 2 diabetes. Clin Chim Acta. 2009;401(1–2):108–112.
25. Gao X, et al. Histological analysis of obestatin-producing cells in the gastric mucosa of diabetic patients. Peptides. 2010;31(9):1620–1625.
26. Bounias M, et al. Interaction between obestatin and ghrelin: Implications for body weight regulation. Endocrine. 2022;76(2):301–310.
27. Fujimiya M, et al. Physiological roles of obestatin in food intake, insulin biosynthesis, and β-cell gene expression. J Endocrinol. 2012;215(1):45–54.
28. Rovella V, et al. Obestatin enhances adiponectin secretion and improves insulin sensitivity. Metabolism. 2021;120:154794.
29. Granata R, et al. Obestatin modulates energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation in metabolic disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(11):E2139–E2147.
30. Ren Y, et al. The role of obestatin in metabolic regulation: Effects on adiponectin and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008;10(12):1167–1174.
31. Qiao J, et al. Role of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in B-cell proliferation and differentiation. Immunology. 2017;152(3):457–467.
32. Ajash A, et al. BAFF-mediated regulation of immunoglobulin production in inflammatory conditions. Cytokine. 2018;104:1–8.
33. Liu Y, et al. Expression of BAFF in immune cells: Monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1117
34. Swaroop JJ, et al. BAFF expression in mature adipocytes and its role in adipogenesis in vitro. J Cell Biochem. 2012;113(4):1234–1242.
35. Oleinika K, et al. BAFF as a mediator of inflammation in adipose tissue: Implications for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Metabolism. 2022;133:155169.
36. Kim J, et al. Increased inflammatory cells in obese individuals: Focus on macrophages and monocytes. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(11):2432–2440.
37. Rotter V, et al. Macrophage-derived BAFF and its contribution to insulin resistance: Similarity to TNF-α effects. Cytokine. 2003;24(3):118–125.
38. Tchoukalova YD, et al. Lipid metabolism alterations in obesity: Triglyceride accumulation, free fatty acid synthesis, and adipokines. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18(12):2337–2344.
39. Kopp A, et al. Differentiated adipocytes secrete TNF-α and BAFF: Implications for insulin resistance. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(7):4233–4241.
40. Tilg H, Moschen AR. Adipokines and insulin resistance: The role of BAFF and TNF-α. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2008;4(9):441–449.
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Published
Jun 20, 2023
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How to Cite
Suzan Najim Abdullah, Ali Khudhyer Obayes, & Omar Thaer Jawad. (2023). MEASUREMENT OF WBCS, OBESTATIN AND B-LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATING FACTOR LEVELS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH TYPE2 DIABETES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(6), 649-655. https://doi.org/10.53555/1gfmgk61
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Author Biographies
Suzan Najim Abdullah
Patholgical analysis dept. College of Applied Sciences ,Univ. of Samarra, Iraq
Ali Khudhyer Obayes
Biology dept. College of Education ,Univ. of Samarra ,Iraq
How to Cite
Suzan Najim Abdullah, Ali Khudhyer Obayes, & Omar Thaer Jawad. (2023). MEASUREMENT OF WBCS, OBESTATIN AND B-LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATING FACTOR LEVELS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH TYPE2 DIABETES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(6), 649-655. https://doi.org/10.53555/1gfmgk61
